中小企业安全管理现状调查与对策研究

近年来,中小企业迅猛发展,为推动经济发展和社会进步发挥了重要作用,与此同时,中小企业安全生产问题也日益突出。为了摸清中小企业安全生产现状,探索有效的安全生产监管办法,江苏省某市在其辖区范围内,选择建筑、化工、非煤矿山、机电4个行业的100家中小企业,就其安全生产状况进行调查。其结果表明:大多数中小企业安全管理基础工作不扎实;安全管理水平普遍不高;不同行业企业间安全投资水平差距较大。针对中小企业安全管理存在的问题,提出了相应的对策:提高中小企业全员安全意识和安全素质;有效促进企业加大安全投资;推行注册安全主任制度;建立市场准入和退出机制;培育安全生产中介组织等。     

A MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY INVESTMENT PROBLEM IN RHODE ISLAND1

ABSTRACT: The traditional “requirements” approach to water system planning presumes perfectly inelastic demand and arbitrarily selects a fixed water requirement per capita per day as a planning target. Economists have often pointed out that such a policy leads to over-investment in water supply facilities; a superior approach would maximize some measure of net benefits incorporating price-sensitive demand. Using a dynamic programming model to depict an investment problem in Rhode Island, we find that ambiguities about how to incorporate price-sensitive demand into a decision framework may make such an approach as arbitrary as the requirements approach. Water conservation responses may be a function of other social parameters than water price; if so, variations in these social parameters should be regarded as economic alternatives to water supply investments.     

MEASURING CONSUMER SURPLUS BENEFITS OF WATER SUPPLY EXTENSIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES1

ABSTRACT: For investments in water mains serving new households, consumer surplus benefits may far outweigh those measured by revenues recoupled from user fees. While consumer surplus might be capitalized in the value of sites with access to mains, empirical attempts to measure such capitalization have not proved inveriably successful. In this note an alternative technique based upon the direct estimation of the demand curve is applied. An analysis of Penang Island, Malaysia indicates that the consumer surplus benefits are one and one-half times greater than the revenues recoupled through user fees. The applicability of this technique to cost-benefit analysis of water supply investments is discussed.     

构建和完善环保信托业模型的研究

根据我国环保资本市场的建立和环保市场化发展的需求，提出并论述了在环保产业中引入信托机制的重要性和必要性，并结合信托市场运营的特点和规律，从理论和实践的结合上，建议了具有可操作性的包括环保投资、融资、租赁、合营、交易、转让在内的六大环保信托模型，旨在建立和完善环保信托业市场中发挥指导作用。     

防灾工程投资效益函数与分析模式

根据防灾工程投资效益的含义及其特点，提出了防灾工程投资效益函数的概念，并分析了它们的性质。依据不同的决策准则，建立了相应的防灾工程投资效益分析模式。为防灾工程投资效益和投资决策分析提供了一种有益的工具。     

Ghana: revival of the mineral sector

After almost two decades of decline, Ghana's mineral sector has rebounded significantly and is currently the main foreign exchange earner. Gold mining is the principal activity within the sector and accounted for 41 percent of total export earnings in 1996. This paper presents an overview of Ghana's mineral industry and covers mineral resources, production and reserves; mining investments; the role of mining in the economy; and the structure of the industry. An overview of the national mineral policy is also presented to depict the current regulatory and fiscal environment in which the industry operates. The spectacular reversal in mineral sector performance can be attributed to the adoption of World Bank recommendations in a new national mineral policy, the 1986 Minerals and Mining Law, aimed at revitalizing the sector.     

企业投入的安全经济效用及边际效用

企业投入一般具有安全的经济效益和社会效益等多属性,如何以有限的安全投入做最为合理的配置以获得最大的安全经济效用,需要采用效用尺度来研究其变化规律及均衡条件     

中国对“一带一路”沿线国家直接投资的碳排放效应

确定中国对外直接投资(OFDI)对CO2排放的影响路径,对"一带一路"沿线国家如何有效利用中国OFDI以实现可持续发展具有重要作用。该研究基于2003—2018年45个沿线国家的面板数据,应用具有阈值和动态特征的面板平滑转换回归(PSTR)模型,评估中国OFDI对CO2排放的直接效应和间接效应、线性效应和非线性效应。研究发现:(1)中国OFDI对沿线国家CO2排放的直接影响显著为负。(2)中国OFDI的规模效应增加了沿线国家CO2排放,其结构效应和技术效应进一步抑制了沿线国家CO2排放,且技术效应在间接效应中占有主导地位。(3)异质性分析表明,中国OFDI的碳减排效应更多体现在低收入国家。针对以上研究发现,文章认为沿线国家应持续引进中国OFDI,并通过提高能效和推广应用清洁能源打破经济发展的"不可持续性";中国政府应继续鼓励并引导具有竞争力的企业"走出去",充分发挥中国投资对东道国环境的改善作用,放大中国投资对低收入国家的技术溢出效应;中国应根据沿线国家经济发展水平对东道国实施差异化投资策略,实现中国投资环境效益最优化。     

中国环境保护投资失真问题分析与建议

在对“十五”期间中国环保投资进行分析的基础上，重点研究环保投资结构与环保投资的重点。结果表明，环保投资口径偏大、投资方向与需求不匹配、投资结构不合理是影响环境效益的重要因素。若以最直接相关的污水处理投资和垃圾处理投资替代城市环境基础设施建设投资口径．将使同期全国环境保护投资缩水50％左右。城市环境基础设施建设投资总量的迅速增加和环保投资口径的虚化。已经掩盖了环境污染治理投资不足的严峻现实，环保投资的失真现象严重。为确保投资效益与环境效益相协调。建议明确环保投资概念．修改现有的环保投资口径。在进一步加大环保投资力度的同时。提高资金的使用效率．以强化污染治理效果。